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[Decline in semen quality from 1930 to 1991]
E Carlsen1, A J Giwercman, N Keiding
1Rigshospitalet, afdeling for vaekst og reproduktion GR 5064, København.
Ugeskrift for Laeger
|August 16, 1993
Summary
Male reproductive health is declining, with significant drops in sperm density and seminal volume observed between 1940 and 1990. This trend, alongside increased genitourinary abnormalities, suggests environmental factors are likely culprits.
Area of Science:
- Reproductive Endocrinology
- Environmental Health
- Epidemiology
Context:
- Concerns over declining semen quality have persisted for decades.
- Previous studies faced criticism for methodological limitations.
- A systematic review is needed to rigorously assess global trends.
Purpose:
- To systematically review and statistically analyze international literature on semen quality since 1930.
- To address the controversy surrounding declining sperm counts and seminal volume.
- To investigate potential links between male reproductive health and environmental factors.
Summary:
- Analyzed 61 papers (14,957 men) using rigorous criteria from 1930-1991.
- Found a significant decline in mean sperm density (113 to 66 million/ml) and seminal volume (3.40 to 2.75 ml) between 1940 and 1990.
- Observed increased incidence of testis cancer, cryptorchidism, and hypospadias during the same period.
Impact:
- Highlights a significant deterioration in male genitourinary function over a short period.
- Suggests environmental factors, rather than genetic ones, are the primary drivers.
- Provides crucial data for public health initiatives and further research into male infertility and reproductive health.