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Postoperative vomiting in children. A persisting unsolved problem

R Sossai1, M Jöhr, W Kistler

  • 1Department of Paediatric Surgery, Kantonsspital, Luzern, Switzerland.

European Journal of Pediatric Surgery : Official Journal of Austrian Association of Pediatric Surgery ... [Et Al] = Zeitschrift Fur Kinderchirurgie
|August 1, 1993
PubMed
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Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in children is a significant concern. This study found PONV occurred in 19.5% of pediatric surgical patients, influenced by anesthesia type, surgery, and pain management.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Anesthesiology
  • Surgical Patient Outcomes
  • Postoperative Care

Background:

  • Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common and distressing complication in pediatric patients following anesthesia and surgery.
  • Identifying risk factors is crucial for developing effective prevention and management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prospectively investigate the incidence of PONV in a pediatric surgical population.
  • To analyze the relationship between PONV and anesthetic technique, surgical procedure, and postoperative analgesia.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective survey of 2370 pediatric surgical patients over one year (September 1989-September 1990).
  • Data collection included patient demographics, anesthesia and surgical details, and postoperative follow-up via telephone for outpatients.

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  • Analysis focused on the overall incidence and specific risk factors for vomiting.

    • Main Results:

    • The overall incidence of vomiting was 19.5%, lower than previously reported.
    • Increased vomiting risk was observed in children over 2 years, after specific operative procedures, and following general anesthesia.
    • Postoperative opioid administration was associated with a higher risk of vomiting.

    Conclusions:

    • While the overall PONV incidence was relatively low, certain surgical procedures and anesthetic approaches led to a high frequency.
    • Strategies such as regional anesthesia, prophylactic antiemetic medication, and novel anesthetics may reduce PONV in pediatric patients.