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Systemic reactions to immunotherapy
Allergy Proceedings : the Official Journal of Regional and State Allergy Societies
|September 1, 1993
Summary
Systemic reactions (SR) during allergen immunotherapy are uncommon (0.51%). Most SR are mild, but a history of asthma or prior reactions increases risk. Vigilance is needed as reactions can occur hours later.
Area of Science:
- Allergy and Immunology
- Clinical Research
- Public Health
Background:
- Systemic anaphylactic reactions are a known risk of allergen immunotherapy.
- Understanding the incidence and characteristics of these reactions is crucial for patient safety.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the incidence of systemic reactions (SR) to allergen immunotherapy over a 1-year period.
- To analyze factors associated with SR, including patient history and reaction timing.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective study analyzing 27,806 injection visits over 12 months.
- Data collection included reaction onset, symptoms, treatment, patient history (asthma, prior SR), and extract concentration.
Main Results:
- The incidence of SR was 0.51% (143 reactions).
- Patients with a history of asthma (50%) or prior SR (45%) were more likely to experience reactions.
- Most reactions (72%) occurred within 30 minutes, but 8% occurred after 2 hours; 83% were mild.
Conclusions:
- Systemic reactions are a small but definite risk associated with allergen immunotherapy.
- While most reactions are mild, some can be severe, necessitating prompt recognition and treatment.
- Patient history of asthma or previous reactions, and delayed onset, are important considerations for managing immunotherapy safety.