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Associations between muscle soreness, damage, and fatigue
1Department of Exercise Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003, USA.
Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|January 1, 1995
Summary
Eccentric exercise causes muscle damage, soreness, and fatigue, with higher forces and less energy use. The exact mechanisms of muscle damage and repair from eccentric contractions are still being researched.
Area of Science:
- Exercise physiology
- Muscle biology
Background:
- Eccentric exercise causes muscle damage, soreness, and neuromuscular dysfunction.
- It leads to prolonged losses in strength and range of motion.
- Fatigue is greater and longer-lasting compared to concentric and isometric exercise.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize the effects of eccentric exercise on muscle.
- To highlight the differences between eccentric and other contraction types.
- To discuss the suggested mechanisms of muscle damage and repair.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on eccentric exercise.
- Analysis of physiological responses to different exercise types.
- Discussion of proposed damage and regeneration pathways.
Main Results:
- Eccentric contractions generate higher forces with lower ATP usage and increased temperature.
- Muscle damage, soreness, and neuromuscular dysfunction are characteristic outcomes.
- Regeneration processes follow the initial damage over 2-3 days.
Conclusions:
- Eccentric exercise induces significant muscle damage and fatigue.
- While higher forces are produced, the underlying damage mechanisms require further investigation.
- Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for optimizing training and recovery protocols.