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Updated: Jul 22, 2026
07:43
Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
Published on: January 17, 2018
Highlights from endocrine surgical history
1Department of Surgery, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, University of London, U.K.
World Journal of Surgery
|June 1, 1996
Summary
Endocrine surgery has evolved significantly, from ancient practices to modern techniques. Advances in anesthesia, hormone therapy, and surgical skill have greatly improved patient outcomes for endocrine gland conditions.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Surgical Science
Background:
- The historical practice of endocrine surgery spans from prehistoric castration to 12th-century thyroid operations.
- Early surgical interventions focused on relieving symptoms of enlarged endocrine glands like the thyroid, ovaries, pituitary, and adrenals.
Observation:
- The development of anesthesia, antisepsis, and hemostasis enabled perfected thyroidectomy for goiter.
- Hormone discovery led to understanding hormonal excess syndromes, prompting surgical interventions.
- Technological and therapeutic advancements, including diagnostic methods, teamwork, and adjuvant therapies, have enhanced surgical outcomes.
Findings:
- Thyroidectomy for benign goiter was perfected, with replacement therapy developed for resulting deficiencies.
- Surgical interventions for hormonal excess syndromes improved with enhanced techniques and diagnostics.
- Adrenalectomy became safer with cortisone, aiding treatment for breast, prostate cancer, and Cushing's syndrome.
Implications:
- Specialization in endocrine surgery over the past 40 years has led to substantial improvements in treatment efficacy.
- Continued advancements in surgical techniques and multidisciplinary approaches promise further progress in managing endocrine disorders.
- The integration of hormonal therapies and advanced diagnostics has transformed the scope and success rates of endocrine surgery.
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