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Updated: Aug 10, 2026

Underwater Endoscopic Injection Sclerotherapy for Gastroesophageal Varices
Published on: August 1, 2025
Upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding
1Department of Emergency Medicine, Naval Medical Center, Portsmouth, Virginia, USA.
Abstract:
Upper GI bleeding is a serious and common emergency. Most upper GI bleeding will stop spontaneously but determining which patients will continue to bleed or rebleed is very difficult in the ED. Resuscitation and stabilization are the primary goals of the emergency physician. Hemorrhage control with pharmacotherapy or balloon tamponade may be necessary until urgent or emergent consultation with a gastroenterologist or surgeon is obtained. Early detection and treatment of H. pylori and the development of safer NSAIDs should alter the future of upper GI bleeding dramatically.
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