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Related Experiment Videos

U.S. Army sunglasses: issues and solutions

J C Rabin1, R W Wiley, R R Levine

  • 1USAARL, Fort Rucker, AL, USA.

Journal of the American Optometric Association
|April 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
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Military aviators experience difficulty with cockpit lights due to sunglasses. A study found that 23 percent transmittance optimizes visual performance, recommending accurate transmittance verification for sunglass lenses.

Area of Science:

  • Optometry
  • Aviation Ophthalmology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Military aviators report issues distinguishing cockpit warning light colors when wearing plastic sunglasses.
  • Potential causes include overly dark or non-neutral lenses that distort color perception.
  • This study aimed to identify the root cause, propose solutions, and establish optimal sunglass transmittance for aviator visual performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the cause of color discrimination difficulties in military aviators wearing sunglasses.
  • Recommend solutions to mitigate these visual performance issues.
  • Determine the ideal sunglass transmittance for optimal visual function in military aviation.

Main Methods:

  • Procured 70 pairs of plastic sunglasses from seven military optical laboratories, with powers ranging from -4 to +4 D.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Lenses were dyed to a neutral gray with a target transmittance of 21 percent.
  • Evaluated light transmittance, color distortion, spatial vision, and color vision across different laboratories, lens powers, and sunglass transmittances.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant variations in light transmittance (1% to 30%) and color distortion were observed across different laboratories, independent of lens power.
    • An inverse relationship was found between light transmittance and color distortion.
    • Commercial transmittance meters were found to be inaccurate due to their sensitivity to deep red and infrared light.

    Conclusions:

    • Accurate transmittance verification is crucial for correcting both light transmittance and color distortion issues.
    • A specialized filter was identified to improve the accuracy of transmittance meters.
    • A sunglass transmittance of 23 percent was determined to minimize the decrease in visual performance under clinical test conditions.