Neuroendocrine changes in systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren's syndrome

It has become clear that the neuroendocrine and immune systems are closely linked and interdependent. The exact mechanisms of this interaction are only beginning to be unravelled. The complexity of these connections may partly explain why the aetiopathogenesis of autoimmune diseases remains obscure and why genetic, hormonal, microbial, environmental, as well as a host of other factors, have all been put forward as explanations. What has become clear is that a number of neuroendocrine and hormonal factors have important immunomodulatory roles in health and disease.