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Transfer factor--current status and future prospects

H S Lawrence1, W Borkowsky

  • 1Department of Medicine, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA.

Biotherapy (Dordrecht, Netherlands)
|January 1, 1996
PubMed
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Researchers discovered two distinct immune functions within Transfer Factor using the Leucocyte Migration Inhibition (LMI) test. Dialysates of Leucocyte Extracts (DLE) contain both Inducer Factor, enhancing immune response, and Suppressor Factor, inhibiting it.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Transfer Factor (TF) is a complex mixture derived from leukocytes, known for its role in cell-mediated immunity.
  • Previous studies suggest TF possesses antigen-specific regulatory functions, but its precise composition and mechanisms remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the composition and functional activities of Transfer Factor (TF) using an in vitro assay.
  • To differentiate antigen-specific Inducer and Suppressor activities within leukocyte-derived fractions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the direct Leucocyte Migration Inhibition (LMI) test as an in vitro assay for Dialysates of Leucocyte Extracts (DLE).
  • Fractionated DLE by molecular weight, focusing on the >3500 <12,000 Da fraction.
  • Assessed the effects of these fractions on both non-immune and immune leukocyte populations in response to specific antigens.

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Main Results:

  • Identified two opposing, antigen-specific activities within the same DLE fraction: an Inducer/Helper Factor and a Suppressor Factor.
  • Inducer Factor converted non-immune leukocytes to antigen-specific reactivity, leading to migration inhibition.
  • Suppressor Factor blocked antigen-specific responses in immune leukocytes, preventing migration inhibition.

Conclusions:

  • Dialysates of Leucocyte Extracts (DLE) contain distinct Inducer and Suppressor Factors that regulate immune cell responses.
  • These findings provide new insights into the molecular composition and functional duality of Transfer Factor.
  • The direct Leucocyte Migration Inhibition (LMI) test is a valuable tool for dissecting complex immune regulatory molecules.