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Ghost artifact reduction for echo planar imaging using image phase correction

M H Buonocore1, L Gao

  • 1Department of Radiology, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California 95817, USA.

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
|July 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary
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This study presents an algorithm to reduce ghost artifacts in echo planar imaging (EPI) by using phase corrections. The method significantly improves image quality and functional MRI (fMRI) analysis without requiring calibration scans.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Neuroscience
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Echo planar imaging (EPI) is susceptible to N/2 ghost artifacts caused by time-reversal of k-space data.
  • These artifacts can degrade image quality and affect the accuracy of functional MRI (fMRI) studies.
  • Existing methods for ghost reduction often require calibration scans.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate an algorithm for reducing N/2 ghost artifacts in EPI.
  • To improve image appearance and enhance the reliability of fMRI analyses.
  • To achieve ghost reduction without the need for additional calibration scans.

Main Methods:

  • An algorithm was developed using phase corrections derived from images reconstructed from even or odd k-space lines.
  • The algorithm was applied to EPI data from eight subjects undergoing auditory fMRI experiments.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Quantitative analysis measured the reduction in N/2 ghost intensity relative to parent image intensity.

    • Main Results:

    • The algorithm significantly reduced N/2 ghost intensity by an average of 54% (from 10.3% to 4.5% of parent image intensity).
    • Ghost intensity was reduced across a range of 43-65% in the tested subjects.
    • The algorithm improved image appearance and increased correlation coefficients in fMRI activation studies.
    • Artifact reduction was effective for spatial phase errors of all polynomial orders.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed algorithm effectively reduces N/2 ghost artifacts in EPI without calibration scans.
    • This method offers a significant improvement in image quality and enhances the utility of EPI in fMRI.
    • The algorithm is robust for spatial phase errors but does not correct for ghosting caused by field inhomogeneities, susceptibility, or chemical shift.