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Increased alkaline phosphatase isoforms in autoimmune diseases
A N Hanna1, W J Waldman, J A Lott
1Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA.
Clinical Chemistry
|August 1, 1997
Summary
Elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and a specific isoform, ALP-10, in serum indicate abnormal T lymphocyte activation common in autoimmune diseases like diabetes and multiple sclerosis.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Immunology
- Clinical Diagnostics
Background:
- Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an enzyme with various isoforms.
- Autoimmune diseases are characterized by abnormal immune system activation.
- T lymphocytes play a crucial role in the immune response, particularly in autoimmune conditions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate serum ALP and ALP isoform levels in patients with specific autoimmune diseases.
- To determine if ALP isoforms correlate with T lymphocyte activation.
- To evaluate the potential of ALP-10 as a biomarker for autoimmune disorders.
Main Methods:
- Serum samples from patients with early insulin-dependent diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis during exacerbation were analyzed.
- Isoelectric focusing was used to assay ALP isoforms.
- Levels were compared to healthy controls.
Main Results:
- Significant increases in total ALP and ALP isoform band 10 (ALP-10) were observed in patients compared to controls.
- The increase in ALP and ALP-10 suggests a link to abnormal T lymphocyte activation.
- Activated T lymphocytes were identified as the source of ALP-10.
Conclusions:
- Elevated ALP and ALP-10 levels reflect abnormal T lymphocyte activation in autoimmune diseases.
- ALP-10 serves as a sensitive, albeit nonspecific, marker for active autoimmune processes.
- ALP-10 shows potential as a screening tool for autoimmune disorders and detecting T-cell activation.