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Comparative study of CD26 as a Th1-like and CD30 as a potential Th2-like operational marker in leprosy
U Seitzer1, D Scheel-Toellner, M Hahn
1Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Forschungszentrum Borstel, Germany.
Abstract:
In the last years we have been able to establish CD26 as an operational marker for a human Th1-like reaction in various granulomatous diseases. Recently, CD30 was described as a marker for a Th2-type reaction, where CD30 is preferentially expressed and its soluble form released by human T cell clones producing Th2-type cytokines. To evaluate the possibility of CD30 as an eventual operational marker for a human Th2-like reaction in vivo, we performed immunohistological stainings on frozen sections of skin biopsies from patients with lepromatous and tuberculoid leprosy. A maximum of three to four CD30-positive cells was found per section, and there was no difference in the accumulation of CD30-positive cells between the tuberculoid and the lepromatous form of leprosy. With respect to CD26-positive cells, a high number was found in tuberculoid leprosy in contrast to a greatly reduced expression of CD26 in lepromatous leprosy. We conclude that, while CD26 was confirmed as an operational marker for a Th1-like reaction in leprosy, CD30 does not represent an operational Th2 marker in this disease.
Insights
CD26 confirms its role as a Th1 marker in leprosy. However, CD30 does not serve as a Th2 marker in this disease, as its expression showed no difference between leprosy forms.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Dermatology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- CD26 is an established operational marker for human T helper 1 (Th1)-like immune responses in granulomatous diseases.
- CD30 has recently been proposed as a marker for Th2-type immune responses, with expression on T cell clones producing Th2 cytokines.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate CD30 as a potential in vivo operational marker for human Th2-like immune responses.
- To evaluate the expression of CD30 and CD26 in leprosy skin biopsies.
Main Methods:
- Immunohistochemical staining of frozen skin biopsy sections.
- Analysis of CD30 and CD26 expression in patients with lepromatous and tuberculoid leprosy.
Main Results:
- A low and similar number of CD30-positive cells were observed in both lepromatous and tuberculoid leprosy.
- CD26-positive cells were abundant in tuberculoid leprosy but significantly reduced in lepromatous leprosy.
- No differential expression of CD30 was found between the two leprosy forms.
Conclusions:
- CD26 is confirmed as an operational marker for Th1-like responses in leprosy.
- CD30 is not a reliable operational marker for Th2-like responses in leprosy.
- The findings differentiate Th1 and Th2 marker roles in the context of leprosy immunopathology.