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Related Experiment Videos

Embarrassment: its distinct form and appeasement functions

D Keltner1, B N Buswell

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley 94720-1650, USA. keltner@socrates.berkeley.edu

Psychological Bulletin
|November 14, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Embarrassment is a distinct emotion with unique triggers and expressions, separate from shame or guilt. Several theories explain its causes, effects, and functional role in social interactions.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Emotion Research

Background:

  • Embarrassment is a common social emotion.
  • Its precise nature and theoretical underpinnings require clarification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if embarrassment constitutes a distinct emotion.
  • To review and categorize existing theoretical accounts of embarrassment.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of embarrassment with related emotions (shame, guilt, amusement).
  • Synthesis and categorization of diverse theoretical perspectives on embarrassment.

Main Results:

  • Embarrassment exhibits distinct antecedents, experiences, displays, and some autonomic physiological markers.

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  • Evidence supports embarrassment as a unique emotional experience.
  • Five theoretical accounts were identified, focusing on causes, effects, and functional parallels.
  • Conclusions:

    • Embarrassment is a distinct emotion.
    • Understanding its theoretical landscape is crucial for future research.
    • Further investigation is needed to address unanswered questions.