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Organophosphorus insecticide poisoning

N Senanayake1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.

The Ceylon Medical Journal
|June 13, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Organophosphorus insecticide (OPI) poisoning causes neurotoxicity in three phases. This review covers clinical, biochemical, and electrophysiological studies on OPI poisoning over two decades.

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Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Neuroscience
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Organophosphorus insecticides (OPI) are a leading cause of poisoning in Sri Lanka.
  • OPIs are esterase inhibitors, inducing neurotoxicity through a cholinergic crisis.
  • OPI intoxication presents a triphasic neurotoxic effect, including intermediate syndrome and delayed polyneuropathy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review organophosphorus insecticide poisoning in humans.
  • To emphasize clinical, biochemical, and electrophysiological studies on OPI poisoning.
  • To highlight the triphasic neurotoxic effects and chronic neurobehavioral concerns of OPI exposure.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical studies on OPI poisoning.
  • Analysis of biochemical markers in OPI-affected individuals.
  • Electrophysiological assessments in patients with OPI poisoning.
  • Examination of long-term neurobehavioral effects.

Main Results:

  • OPI poisoning manifests with an acute cholinergic crisis.
  • Intermediate syndrome (IMS) occurs 24-96 hours post-exposure.
  • Organophosphorus-induced delayed polyneuropathy (OPIDP) develops weeks later.
  • Extrapyramidal symptoms and chronic neurobehavioral effects are also observed.

Conclusions:

  • OPI poisoning exhibits a complex, triphasic neurotoxic profile.
  • Comprehensive clinical, biochemical, and electrophysiological evaluations are crucial for managing OPI poisoning.
  • Long-term exposure to OPIs warrants further investigation due to potential chronic neurobehavioral consequences.

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