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Sex, Task, and Behavioral Flexibility Effects on Leadership Perceptions

Hall1, Workman, Marchioro

  • 1University of Akron

Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes
|December 16, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Behavioral flexibility and male sex significantly increase leader perceptions. Perceived capabilities mediate these effects, suggesting inferred traits influence leadership categorization, with task congruence playing a minor role.

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Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Organizational Behavior
  • Leadership Studies

Background:

  • Leadership perceptions are influenced by various individual and situational factors.
  • Previous research suggests sex and behavioral traits impact leadership emergence.
  • Understanding these influences is crucial for effective group dynamics and organizational structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine how sex and behavioral flexibility affect perceptions of leadership.
  • To investigate the role of task congruence in leadership perceptions.
  • To explore the mediating role of perceived capabilities in leadership attribution.

Main Methods:

  • Small groups performed tasks under two different conditions.
  • Leadership perceptions were measured in relation to sex and behavioral flexibility indicators (self-monitoring, behavioral capabilities, androgyny).

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  • Statistical analyses were used to determine the significance of these factors.

    • Main Results:

    • Strong support was found for the influence of behavioral flexibility and sex on leadership perceptions.
    • Tasks that were sex-congruent showed weak effects on leadership perceptions.
    • Exploratory analyses indicated that perceived target capabilities mediated the effects of sex and behavioral flexibility.

    Conclusions:

    • Inferred target capabilities, influenced by sex and behavioral flexibility, play a key role in leader categorization.
    • These inferred capabilities align with historically identified leadership traits.
    • The findings support a theoretical model where behavioral and sex cues, mediated by capabilities, shape leadership perceptions.