Relapsing cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa associated with streptococcal infections

Area of Science:

• Rheumatology
• Dermatology
• Infectious Diseases

Background:

• Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a severe systemic vasculitis with high mortality.
• Cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa (cPAN) is considered a less severe form, primarily affecting the skin.

Observation:

• A unique case of a female patient experiencing recurrent cPAN from childhood to adulthood is presented.
• The patient had multiple documented episodes of cPAN over two decades.

Findings:

• Each cPAN episode was preceded by recurrent streptococcal pharyngitis.
• Histopathologic skin changes and clinical presentation confirmed cPAN, with therapeutic management validating the diagnosis.

Implications:

• This case highlights a potential long-term association between streptococcal infections and recurrent cPAN.
• Understanding such triggers is crucial for managing cPAN and preventing disease flares.