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Practical knowledge in expert coaches: on-site study of coaching in sailing
1National Sailing School Ministry of Youth and Sport at Saint Pierre Quiberon, France. saury@hol.fr
Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport
|October 20, 1998
Summary
Expert sailing coaches preparing for the 1996 Olympics viewed coaching as managing complex constraints. Their successful strategies involved routines, anticipation, adaptation, and athlete collaboration, drawing on experience.
Area of Science:
- Sports Science
- Cognitive Ergonomics
- Human Factors in Sport
Background:
- Understanding expert coaching knowledge is crucial for optimizing athletic performance.
- Cognitive ergonomics provides a framework for analyzing complex human activities.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the practical knowledge of elite French sailing coaches preparing for the 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games.
- To apply the task activity model from cognitive ergonomics to coaching.
Main Methods:
- Observation of five training sessions with expert sailing coaches.
- In-depth interviews with coaches to gather verbal protocols.
- Inductive coding of interview data to identify key themes.
Main Results:
- Coaching tasks were perceived as complex, contradictory, and ill-defined problem sets.
- Coaches utilized organizational routines and cognitive anticipation.
- Flexible on-site adaptation, joint athlete-coach control, and experience-based involvement were key operating modes.
Conclusions:
- Expert coaches' practical knowledge is deeply embedded in managing task constraints through adaptive cognitive strategies.
- The task activity model effectively explains the complexities of expert coaching.
- Successful coaching involves a blend of structured routines and dynamic, experience-driven adaptation.
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