Acute Myeloid Leukemia Immunophenotyping by Flow Cytometric Analysis

Area of Science:

• Hematology
• Immunology
• Clinical Pathology

Background:

• Flow cytometry is essential for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) diagnosis and subclassification.
• Multiparametric flow cytometry offers efficient and highly sensitive immunophenotyping.
• Accurate subclassification aids in treatment selection and prognosis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the utility of flow cytometry in acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
• To outline general gating strategies and antibody panels for routine AML analysis.
• To discuss markers for lineage assignment and differential diagnosis of challenging AML entities.

Main Methods:

• Review of established flow cytometry protocols and literature.
• Description of multiparametric immunophenotyping approaches.
• Analysis of diagnostic immunophenotypic features for AML subclassification.

Main Results:

• Standardized gating strategies and antibody panels facilitate efficient AML diagnosis.
• Specific markers aid in lineage assignment and identification of difficult-to-classify AML cases.
• Flow cytometry principles for minimal residual disease detection are presented.

Conclusions:

• Flow cytometry immunophenotyping is a cornerstone in AML diagnosis and subclassification.
• Comprehensive antibody panels and strategic gating improve diagnostic accuracy.
• The technique is valuable for monitoring treatment response through minimal residual disease detection.