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Eliminación de la turbulencia en los flujos espacialmente intermitentes
Björn Hof1, Alberto de Lozar, Marc Avila
1Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organisation, Bunsenstrasse 10, 37073 Göttingen, Germany. bhof@gwdg.de
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 20, 2010
Resumen
Los investigadores descubrieron un mecanismo que amplifica la turbulencia en los flujos de tuberías al alimentar la energía del cizallamiento en remolinos. Un simple control dirigido a los puntos de inflexión del perfil de velocidad puede colapsar la turbulencia y relaminarizar el flujo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Dinámica de fluidos La dinámica de fluidos.
- Investigación de la turbulencia en la investigación de la turbulencia.
- La dinámica no lineal es la dinámica no lineal.
Sus antecedentes:
- El transporte de fluidos en tuberías y canales es omnipresente en la naturaleza y la industria.
- El flujo laminar es energéticamente eficiente debido a las bajas pérdidas por fricción.
- La mayoría de los flujos prácticos son turbulentos, incluso a velocidades moderadas, debido a la sensibilidad a las perturbaciones.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el movimiento y la distribución espacial de los vórtices en flujos turbulentos.
- Para descubrir el mecanismo de transferencia de energía desde el corte medio a los remolinos turbulentos.
- Identificar una estrategia de control para la reducción de la turbulencia.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de la dinámica de los vórtices y distribución espacial.
- Identificación de un mecanismo de amplificación de energía.
- Implementación de un mecanismo de control dirigido a los puntos de inflexión del perfil de velocidad.
Principales resultados:
- Se descubrió un mecanismo de amplificación que transfiere la energía del corte medio a los remolinos turbulentos.
- Una sencilla estrategia de control intercepta efectivamente esta transferencia de energía.
- La activación del control conduce al colapso inmediato de la turbulencia y la relaminarización del flujo.
Conclusiones:
- Los flujos turbulentos de tuberías y canales se pueden controlar apuntando a mecanismos específicos.
- La relaminarización se puede lograr a través de intervenciones específicas en el perfil de velocidad.
- Esta investigación ofrece información sobre el control de la eficiencia del flujo de fluidos.
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