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相关概念视频

Language Development01:22

Language Development

357
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
357
Social Facilitation01:04

Social Facilitation

32.0K
Not all intergroup interactions lead to negative outcomes. Sometimes, being in a group situation can improve performance. Social facilitation occurs when an individual performs better when an audience is watching than when the individual performs the behavior alone. This typically occurs when people are performing a task for which they are skilled.
32.0K
Vygotsky's Cognitive Development in Cultural Context01:22

Vygotsky's Cognitive Development in Cultural Context

68
Lev Vygotsky, a pioneering Russian psychologist, developed a theory of cognitive development that centers on the influence of social and cultural factors. Unlike Jean Piaget, who emphasized the child's direct interaction with the physical world as key to development, Vygotsky argued that cognitive growth is an interpersonal process that unfolds within a cultural context. For Vygotsky, a child's learning cannot be separated from their social environment, which includes the values,...
68
Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

267
Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
267
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

343
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
343
Socioemotional Development during Infancy01:30

Socioemotional Development during Infancy

53
Socio-emotional development in infancy is primarily shaped by early emotional responses and social connections, with temperament playing a central role. Temperament refers to the consistent patterns in an individual's emotional and behavioral responses, observable even in infancy. By examining temperament, researchers can better understand an infant's unique ways of interacting with the world, influencing subsequent personality and socio-emotional growth.
Primary Temperament Types
53

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 27, 2025

Modeling Verbal Behavior Deficits with the Stimulus Control Ratio Equation, SCoRE
06:57

Modeling Verbal Behavior Deficits with the Stimulus Control Ratio Equation, SCoRE

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社会偶然性如何促进词汇的发展?

Elena Luchkina1,2, Fei Xu2

  • 1Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

Developmental science
|May 7, 2024
PubMed
概括

经常响应婴儿发音的父母支持更大的词汇. 这种响应能力,而不仅仅是语言数量或简单性,似乎是早期语言发展和理解沟通的关键.

科学领域:

  • 发展心理学 发展心理学
  • 儿童语言的获取儿童语言的获取
  • 婴儿通信 婴儿通信

背景情况:

  • 父母的反应能力与婴儿的词汇量增长有关.
  • 推动这种关系的机制仍然不清楚.
  • 假设包括增加语言输入,更简单的输入或增强对沟通的理解.

研究的目的:

  • 为了研究父母的社会偶然性如何影响婴儿的词汇发展.
  • 区分竞争的假设,解释响应能力和词汇之间的联系.

主要方法:

  • 对9个月后自然主义的父母婴儿相互作用数据的分析.
  • 评估12个月的婴儿接收词汇.
  • 统计建模用于控制语言输入量和简单性.

主要成果:

  • 父母的口头随机反应的频率显著预测了12个月的婴儿接收词汇.
  • 这种预测关系独立于提供的语言输入量.
  • 随机相互作用中使用的语言的简单性无法解释这种效应.

结论:

  • 父母的反应能力,特别是随机语言反应的频率,是早期词汇获取的关键因素.
关键词:
语言发展语言的发展.社会意外性的社会意外性.词汇的增长词汇的增长输入的词是输入的词.

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  • 响应性可能会提高婴儿对语言沟通性质的理解.
  • 这种增强的沟通理解,而不是输入数量或简单性,推动了词汇的增长.