社区社会脆弱性和种族差异 精神分裂谱系障碍的流行
Deidre M Anglin1,2, Mark Olfson3,4, Els van der Ven5
1Department of Psychology, City College of New York, New York.
The American journal of psychiatry
|September 1, 2025
概括
精神分裂症谱系障碍 (SSD) 和精神病症状的差异与社区不平等有关. 社会脆弱性部分解释了与白人相比,黑人和多种族人群的患病率更高.
科学领域:
- 精神病学与公共卫生
- 社会流行病学
- 心理健康差异
背景情况:
- 少数民族的严重精神疾病发病率不成比例.
- 了解社区层面的社会决定因素对于解决这些差异至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在美国发现精神分裂症谱系障碍 (SSD) 和积极精神病症状的种族差异
- 检查社区社会不平等对这些差异的贡献.
主要方法:
- 使用了国家精神和物质使用障碍患病率研究的数据 (N=4,764名非老年人).
- 使用DSM-5 (SCID-5) 结构化临床访谈对SSD和精神病症状进行临床诊断.
- 根据种族群体,人口统计学和社区社会脆弱度指标 (SVM) 进行调整的加权后勤回归模型.
主要成果:
- 与非西班牙裔白人相比,非西班牙裔黑人的SSD和精神病症状的患病率显著更高.
- 非西班牙裔多种族人士的SSD患病率也显著上升.
- 对SVM得分的调整减轻了种族差异与黑人SSD/精神病症状之间的关联,使其无意义.
结论:
- 美国人口的SSD和精神病症状的种族差异很明显.
- 与结构性种族主义相关的社区层面的社会不平等和脆弱性导致少数群体,特别是黑人群体的患病率更高.
更多相关视频
相关概念视频
01:29Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia
185
Schizophrenia, a complex psychiatric disorder, has been historically misunderstood. Early psychological theories attributed its origins to childhood trauma and unresponsive parenting. However, contemporary research largely rejects these notions, favoring the vulnerability-stress hypothesis. This model proposes that individuals with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may develop the disorder following exposure to significant environmental stressors. Notably, studies on high-risk...
185
01:17Schizophrenia
217
Schizophrenia, a term introduced by Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler in 1911, describes a severe psychological disorder marked by profound disruptions in attention, thought processes, language, emotion, and interpersonal relationships. The core feature of schizophrenia is psychosis — a state characterized by a fundamental detachment from reality. This disconnection manifests through distorted logic, impaired perception, and atypical behavior, severely affecting the lives of those...
217
01:29Biological Causes of Schizophrenia
145
Schizophrenia, a severe psychiatric disorder, arises from a complex interplay of biological factors, including genetic predisposition, structural brain abnormalities, neurotransmitter dysregulation, and developmental irregularities. These factors collectively contribute to the onset and progression of the disorder, which typically manifests in late adolescence or early adulthood.
Genetic Factors in Schizophrenia
The genetic basis of schizophrenia is strongly supported by family and twin...
Genetic Factors in Schizophrenia
The genetic basis of schizophrenia is strongly supported by family and twin...
145
01:27Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders
945
Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose origins are rooted in complex genetic components. Despite our burgeoning understanding, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains incompletely deciphered.
Researchers have identified genetic factors that increase susceptibility to schizophrenia, underscoring the intricate interplay between genetics and environment in disease development. At the core of schizophrenia's pathophysiology is excessive dopaminergic neurotransmission within...
Researchers have identified genetic factors that increase susceptibility to schizophrenia, underscoring the intricate interplay between genetics and environment in disease development. At the core of schizophrenia's pathophysiology is excessive dopaminergic neurotransmission within...
945
01:28Social Anxiety Disorder
78
Social anxiety disorder, also known as social phobia, is characterized by an intense fear of social situations where one might face humiliation, rejection, embarrassment, or negative evaluation. This disorder leads individuals to avoid activities like casual conversations, public speaking, or seemingly simple tasks such as eating, signing documents, or swimming, in public settings. Its impact extends beyond discomfort, often significantly interfering with daily functioning and quality of life.
78
01:22Personality Disorders: Paranoid and Schizoid
167
Personality disorders represent enduring cognition, affect, and behavior patterns that significantly deviate from societal norms. These maladaptive traits often lead to difficulties in various domains, including interpersonal relationships, occupational settings, and overall psychological well-being. Paranoid personality disorder and schizoid personality disorder are two distinct conditions marked by odd or eccentric behavior.
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Paranoid personality disorder is...
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Paranoid personality disorder is...
167