长期暴露于微粒物质和心血管疾病之间的流行病学关联:系统性审查和元分析
Nimra Nabi1, Rutbah Amin Khairati2, Zaira Fatima3
1Karachi Institute of Medical Sciences, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.
Nepal journal of epidemiology
|January 27, 2026
概括
长期接触细颗粒物 (PM2.5) 会增加心血管疾病 (CVD) 的风险. 虽然PM2.5与较高的心血管疾病发病率有关,但在本次元分析中,PM2.5与心血管疾病死亡率没有显著关联.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 心血管流行病学心血管流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 空气污染,特别是细颗粒物 (PM2.5),是心血管疾病 (CVD) 的重要环境风险因素.
- 流行病学研究一贯地将长期的PM2.5暴露与心血管疾病死亡率的增加联系起来.
- 每年有数以百万计的过早死亡归因于空气污染对心血管健康的影响.
研究的目的:
- 进行一项元分析,综合现有的PM2.5长期暴露与心血管疾病之间的关联估计.
- 量化与长期暴露于PM2.5.5相关的心血管疾病发病率和死亡率的风险.
- 研究PM2.5对缺血性心脏病 (IHD) 和中风的特定影响.
主要方法:
- 在PubMed,Embase,Web of Science和Scopus中按照PRISMA指南进行了系统的文献搜索,直到2025年10月.
- 使用随机效应模型将危险比率 (HRs) 汇集在一起.
- 研究之间的异质性是使用I平方 (I2) 统计学评估的.
主要成果:
- 分析包括四项研究,揭示了长期暴露于PM2.5的CVD风险显著增加 (汇总HR=1.22,95%CI:1.06-1.41).
- 在PM2.5暴露和心血管死亡率之间没有发现显著的关联 (汇总HR=1.00,95%CI:0.71-1.41).
- 虽然趋势表明缺血性心脏病 (IHD) (汇总HR=1.65) 和中风 (汇总HR=1.61) 的风险增加,但这些在本分析中没有达到统计学意义.
结论:
- 长期暴露于PM2.5与心血管疾病的风险增加有关.
- 这些发现强调了实施严格的空气质量标准和有针对性的干预措施以减少人口暴露的重要性.
- 需要进一步进行全面的研究,以充分阐明PM2.5与各种心血管结果之间的复杂关系.
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