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可解释的机器学习用于识别青少年肥胖风险和识别关键决定因素
1Faculty of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Frontiers in public health
|March 13, 2026
概括
可解释机器学习确定了青少年肥胖的主要因素,如久坐时间和学术工作量. 干预措施应侧重于减少久坐行为和改善身体形象,以有效预防肥胖.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 计算生物学 计算生物学
- 儿科 儿科 儿科
背景情况:
- 青少年肥胖是一个日益严重的公共卫生问题,具有复杂的促成因素.
- 了解个人,家庭和学校的影响对于有效的预防策略至关重要.
- 机器学习为分析大型数据集提供了先进的工具,以确定关键的风险因素.
研究的目的:
- 应用可解释的机器学习 (ML) 来识别和优先考虑与青少年肥胖相关的因素.
- 建立针对性干预的特定风险值.
- 分析个人,家庭和学校领域的数据.
主要方法:
- 利用来自中国教育小组调查 (CEPS) 的数据,涉及7,397名青少年.
- 开发和评估了六种ML模型:支持矢量机 (SVM),XGBoost,LightGBM,后勤回归 (LR),随机森林 (RF) 和多层感知器 (MLP).
- 采用了SHapley添加式解释 (SHAP) 分析来解释表现最好的模型并评估特征贡献.
主要成果:
- 在分类青少年肥胖症方面,LightGBM模型取得了最高的准确性 (0.8788).
- 确定的主要预测因素包括久坐时间,学校排名,学术工作量,出生体重,身体形象,家庭经济状况,学校位置和家庭登记.
- 久坐不动行为是最重要的预测因素,确定了风险值,例如周末久坐不动时间>5小时和出生体重>4.0公斤.
结论:
- 可解释的ML有效地识别了青少年肥胖的关键预测因素.
- 干预措施应优先考虑减少久坐不动的行为,适度学术工作量,并增强身体形象感知.
- 家庭和学校环境是青少年肥胖预防工作的重要组成部分.
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