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Related Experiment Videos

Modulation of breathing using imperceptible unloading.

B F BuSha1, M H Stella, S H Landry

  • 1Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, USA.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|December 4, 2001
PubMed
Summary
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Subtle breathing assistance, even when imperceptible, significantly alters breathing patterns. Inspiratory flow assistance is more effective than volume assistance in modulating breathing reflexes.

Area of Science:

  • Respiratory Physiology
  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Understanding respiratory reflexes is crucial for managing respiratory disorders.
  • The role of subtle, sub-perceptual respiratory feedback in modulating breathing remains incompletely understood.
  • Previous studies often involve stimuli above the perceptual threshold, potentially confounding results with cortical influences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of imperceptible volume or flow assistance on breathing modulation in awake humans.
  • To differentiate the effects of early inspiratory flow feedback versus late inspiratory volume feedback on respiratory control.
  • To explore the utility of sub-threshold pseudorandom binary sequence (PRBS) unloading as a tool for studying respiratory reflexes.

Main Methods:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Subjects received sub-threshold PRBS of volume (incrementing ramp) or flow (decrementing wave) assist.
  • Respiratory data, including tidal volume (V(T)), tidal volume to inspiratory time ratio (V(T)/T(I)), inspiratory time (T(I)), and muscular pressure (P(MUS)), were modeled using linear difference equations.
  • Cortical and humoral influences were minimized through careful stimulus design and intermittent augmentation of respiratory output.

Main Results:

  • Both flow and volume assist significantly increased V(T) and V(T)/T(I).
  • Flow assist led to a significant decrease in P(MUS) and a trend towards reduced T(I).
  • Volume assist did not significantly alter T(I) or P(MUS), suggesting differential reflex responses based on the timing and type of respiratory unloading.

Conclusions:

  • Vagally mediated inspiratory flow receptors appear to modulate breathing on a breath-by-breath basis with imperceptible airflow increases early in inspiration.
  • Lung volume feedback occurring later in inspiration (at the end of tidal volume) is less effective in modulating breathing under these conditions.
  • Sub-threshold PRBS unloading is a valuable method for studying respiratory reflex regulation in awake subjects without confounding cortical influences.