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In vivo sodium MR imaging of the intervertebral disk at 4 T
Erik K Insko1, David B Clayton, Mark A Elliott
1Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104-6100, USA.
Rationale And Objectives:
The authors performed this study to evaluate whether a semiquantitative method of in vivo sodium imaging of the human intervertebral disk could provide diagnostic quality images in a reasonable time.
Materials And Methods:
In vivo sodium imaging of the human spine was performed with a 4-T whole-body magnetic resonance (MR) unit by using custom-built hardware and software. Short-echo-time images were obtained with a modified three-dimensional gradient-echo sequence, a custom-built surface coil, and receiver modifications to allow for nonproton data acquisition. Corrections for surface coil image intensity were performed with phantom image data. An estimation of the fixed charge density within the intervertebral disk was made with the surface coil-corrected images by using cerebrospinal fluid as an internal reference standard.
Results:
In vivo sodium images of the spine with high signal-to-noise ratio and resolution were obtained in approximately 10 minutes. Correction of in vivo images for surface coil effects demonstrated that the sodium content of the cerebrospinal fluid in the spinal canal may be used as an internal standard to estimate the proteoglycan content of the intervertebral disk.
Conclusion:
Diagnostic quality in vivo sodium images of the intervertebral disk are technically feasible and may be useful for assessing the proteoglycan content of the intervertebral disk. This would provide a method to detect early degenerative changes in the disk and evaluate the effects of any subsequent therapy.