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Twenty-four-hour intraocular pressure pattern associated with early glaucomatous changes
John H K Liu1, Xiaoyan Zhang, Daniel F Kripke
1Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
|March 27, 2003
Summary
Early glaucoma patients have higher diurnal intraocular pressure (IOP) and altered IOP patterns, particularly around waking. This study characterizes these 24-hour IOP changes in newly diagnosed glaucoma.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Glaucoma Research
- Circadian Rhythms
Background:
- Intraocular pressure (IOP) is a key risk factor for glaucoma.
- Understanding the 24-hour IOP pattern is crucial for early glaucoma detection and management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize the 24-hour intraocular pressure (IOP) pattern in untreated, newly diagnosed early glaucoma patients.
- To compare IOP diurnal variations between early glaucoma patients and healthy controls.
Main Methods:
- 24-hour IOP, blood pressure, and heart rate measurements every 2 hours in 24 early glaucoma patients and 24 healthy controls.
- Measurements taken in sitting/supine positions during wakefulness and supine during sleep.
- Comparison of diurnal and nocturnal IOP, blood pressure, and heart rate between groups.
Main Results:
- Diurnal IOP was significantly higher in the glaucoma group.
- The diurnal-to-nocturnal increase in IOP was smaller in glaucoma patients.
- Glaucoma patients showed a unique supine IOP increase around awakening time, unlike controls.
Conclusions:
- Early glaucomatous changes are associated with higher diurnal IOP.
- The diurnal-to-nocturnal IOP fluctuation is reduced in early glaucoma.
- Distinct posture-independent IOP patterns around awakening time are observed in early glaucoma.