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Asymmetric cell division.

Fabrice Roegiers¹, Yuh Nung Jan

¹Departments of Physiology and Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, 533 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, California, 94122, USA.

Current Opinion in Cell Biology

|June 16, 2004

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Asymmetric cell division segregates cellular information during mitosis. Key studies in model organisms reveal how cell polarity, signaling, and cytoskeleton regulate this process and bias cell fates, particularly in neurogenesis.

Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Developmental Biology
Genetics

Background:

Asymmetric cell division is crucial for partitioning cellular information during mitosis.
Recent advances have elucidated mechanisms of cell polarity establishment and determinant segregation.
Studies in model organisms link cell polarity, G protein signaling, and cytoskeletal regulation to mitotic spindle orientation and determinant localization.

Purpose of the Study:

To review progress in understanding asymmetric cell division.
To highlight the role of localized determinants in biasing cell fates.
To discuss recent findings on neurogenesis in Drosophila and vertebrates.

Main Methods:

Genetic studies in Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans.
Analysis of Numb function in Drosophila neurogenesis.

Related Experiment Videos

In vivo imaging of neural progenitor cells in vertebrates.

Main Results:

Cell polarity, G protein signaling, and cytoskeleton regulation are linked to mitotic spindle orientation and determinant localization.
Asymmetrically localized cell fate determinants like Numb bias cell fates in the Drosophila nervous system.
Vertebrate studies raise questions about the role of asymmetric cell divisions in neurogenesis.

Conclusions:

Asymmetric cell division is a fundamental process for generating cellular diversity.
Further research is needed to fully understand its role in vertebrate neurogenesis.