Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 23, 2026

Simultaneous Quantification of Selected Kynurenines Analyzed by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry in Medium Collected from Cancer Cell Cultures
Published on: May 9, 2020
Kidney and liver kynurenine pathway enzymes in chronic renal failure
Anna Tankiewicz1, Dariusz Pawlak, Joanna Topczewska-Bruns
1Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical Academy, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-230 Bialystok, Poland. aniatan@poczta.onet.pl
Abstract:
It has been suggested that kynurenine pathway may be an important pathological factor during the chronic renal failure (CRF) development. Therefore in the present study, in rats with end-stage of chronic renal failure, we measured the plasma and tissues (kidney and liver) concentrations of tryptophan, kynurenine, 3-hydroxykynurenine. We also evaluated the activity of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase in the liver (TDO), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in kidney (IDO) and kynurenine 3-hydroxylase (HK) in the liver and in the kidney. The plasma and tissues tryptophan concentrations were decreased, whereas the concentrations of its metabolites increased when compared to control group. The increase in the TDO and 3-HK activity was observed, while IDO activity remains unchanged. In conclusion, the increase in the activity of TDO and HK along with disturbances of renal excreting function may be responsible for the elevation in the kynurenine and 3-hydroxykynurenine concentrations in experimental chronic renal failure.
Related Concept Videos
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow
Pharmacogenetics of Phase II Enzymes: N-acetyltransferase, Thiopurine S-methyltransferase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test
Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments
Reduced renal clearance and elimination rate are common outcomes of renal impairment. These alterations lead to a prolonged elimination half-life and an altered apparent volume of distribution for drugs. As a result, dosage adjustments are typically necessary to maintain optimal drug levels in the body.
However, dosage adjustments...
Urea Cycle
Renal Drug Excretion: Overview
A nephron consists of two primary structures: the renal corpuscle and the renal tubule. The renal corpuscle contains the glomerulus, a network of capillaries where the first step of renal excretion, glomerular filtration, occurs. Blood pressure forces water, ions, and small molecules out...
