Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 26, 2026
07:47
Intrathecal Delivery of Antisense Oligonucleotides in the Rat Central Nervous System
Published on: October 29, 2019
Intrathecal methods
Kimberly M Kaplan1, William G Brose
1Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Neurosurgery Clinics of North America
|July 13, 2004
Summary
Spinal opioids offer selective pain blockade, advancing pain management beyond the operating room. This review details the current status of spinal analgesic chemotherapy for improved patient care.
Area of Science:
- Anesthesiology
- Pain Management
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Intrathecal opioid administration for anesthesia dates back to 1901.
- Selective pain blockade via spinal opioids was first reported 25 years ago.
- The development of intraspinal analgesics has significantly impacted pain management strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide an overview of the current advancements and applications of spinal analgesic chemotherapy.
- To highlight the evolution of neuraxial drug delivery beyond inpatient settings.
- To summarize the present state of spinal opioid therapy in pain management.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of spinal analgesic chemotherapy.
- Analysis of historical developments in intraspinal opioid use.
- Synthesis of current practices in pain management utilizing spinal drugs.
Main Results:
- Spinal opioids provide targeted pain relief, expanding treatment options.
- Anesthesiologists have extended the application of neuraxial drugs outside traditional hospital environments.
- Significant progress has been made in the field of intraspinal analgesic chemotherapy.
Conclusions:
- Spinal analgesic chemotherapy represents a key development in modern pain management.
- The application of neuraxial drugs has broadened, improving patient access to advanced pain relief.
- Continued research and application of spinal opioids are crucial for optimizing analgesic strategies.
Related Concept Videos
01:11Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia
Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
01:29Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia
Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
01:16Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia
Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
One of the advantages of...
01:29Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route
The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...