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Updated: Aug 19, 2026

Echocardiographic Evaluation of Atrial Communications before Transcatheter Closure
Published on: February 8, 2022
The echocardiographer's role during the placement of patent foramen ovale closure devices
Edward A Gill1, Robert A Quaife, Steven L Goldberg
1Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, 325 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104-9747, USA. eagill@u.washington.edu
Abstract:
The use of TEE and ICE techniques have been extremely important in the development of closure of PFOs and ASDs using interventional techniques. These two imaging techniques have revolutionized the diagnosis and treatment of these problems and have gone far beyond TTE and its known problems for diagnosing septal defects (Fig. 21).
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