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Diagnosing rhinitis: allergic vs. nonallergic.

David M Quillen1, David B Feller

  • 1University of Florida College of Medicine, Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, 32601, USA.

American Family Physician
|May 25, 2006
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Differentiating allergic rhinitis from nonallergic rhinitis typically relies on patient history and physical exams. Allergy testing is reserved for complex cases, as viral infections commonly cause nonallergic rhinitis.

Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Allergy and Immunology

Background:

  • Allergic rhinitis is the most prevalent form of rhinitis.
  • Nonallergic rhinitis encompasses diverse conditions, including viral infections, vasomotor, hormonal, drug-induced, and structural causes.
  • Expert panels have issued diagnostic guidelines for rhinitis since 1998.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate between allergic and nonallergic rhinitis.
  • To outline the diagnostic approaches for various rhinitis types.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical diagnosis through thorough patient history and physical examination.
  • Classification of rhinitis into allergic (seasonal, perennial, occupational) and nonallergic subtypes.
  • Consideration of allergy testing (skin tests, radioallergosorbent testing) for specific clinical scenarios.

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Main Results:

  • Most cases of allergic rhinitis can be distinguished from nonallergic rhinitis using clinical evaluation alone.
  • Acute viral infection is the leading cause of nonallergic rhinitis.
  • Allergy testing is not universally required but aids in diagnosing ambiguous or complex cases.

Conclusions:

  • Clinical assessment is paramount in distinguishing allergic from nonallergic rhinitis.
  • A broad spectrum of nonallergic rhinitis exists, with viral infections being most common.
  • Judicious use of allergy testing improves diagnostic accuracy in challenging rhinitis presentations.