Persistant dysphonia following endotracheal intubation

Area of Science:

• Laryngology
• Anesthesiology
• Speech Science

Background:

• Dysphonia (hoarseness) often stems from laryngeal issues, but extralaryngeal factors are frequently overlooked.
• Persistent dysphonia post-general anesthesia presents a diagnostic challenge for anesthesiologists and otolaryngologists.
• The causes are often complex, requiring a multidisciplinary approach.

Purpose of the Study:

• To discuss laryngeal manifestations following endotracheal intubation.
• To explore the pathophysiology of vocal fold scarring after intubation.
• To highlight the importance of considering extralaryngeal factors in persistent dysphonia.

Main Methods:

• Review of laryngeal manifestations associated with endotracheal intubation.
• Discussion of the pathophysiology of vocal fold scarring.
• Analysis of persistent dysphonia cases requiring a team approach.

Main Results:

• Endotracheal intubation can lead to various laryngeal symptoms, including phonatory disturbances and airway complaints.
• Persistent symptoms (over 72 hours) or airway issues like hemoptysis warrant suspicion of vocal fold or cricoarytenoid joint injury.
• Vocal fold scarring is a significant consequence of intubation-related trauma.

Conclusions:

• Anesthesiologists should be vigilant for laryngeal injuries post-intubation, especially with persistent symptoms.
• A comprehensive evaluation considering both laryngeal and extralaryngeal factors is crucial for diagnosing persistent dysphonia.
• Understanding the pathophysiology of vocal fold scarring aids in managing and preventing post-anesthetic voice disorders.