Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Generation of Discriminative Human Monoclonal Antibodies from Rare Antigen-specific B Cells Circulating in Blood
Published on: February 6, 2018
A confusion in antibody identification: anti-D production after anti-hrB
C Lomas-Francis1, R Yomtovian, C McGrath
1Laboratory of Immunohematology, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA.
It is well known that certain combinations of alloantibodies are frequently found together. Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) are mostly ofAfrican ancestry,and they may make anti-hrB. A transfusion of hrB- blood is often achieved by using e- (R2R2) RBCs; it is generally believed that hrB- patients readily make anti-E or a"broad-spectrum" anti-Rh34 (-HrB). We describe two multiply transfused D+ patients with SCD and a history of anti-hrB who subsequently produced anti- D. This raises the question whether anti-hrB together with anti-D is a more common antibody combination than anti-hrB with anti-E or anti-Rh34.
It is well known that certain combinations of alloantibodies are frequently found together. Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) are mostly ofAfrican ancestry,and they may make anti-hrB. A transfusion of hrB- blood is often achieved by using e- (R2R2) RBCs; it is generally believed that hrB- patients readily make anti-E or a"broad-spectrum" anti-Rh34 (-HrB). We describe two multiply transfused D+ patients with SCD and a history of anti-hrB who subsequently produced anti- D. This raises the question whether anti-hrB together with anti-D is a more common antibody combination than anti-hrB with anti-E or anti-Rh34.
Related Concept Videos
Hybridoma Technology
Hybridoma Selection
Commonly used fusion techniques — electroporation, polyethylene glycol...
Blood Typing
Antigens are protein molecules that reside on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs). The ABO and Rh blood typing systems target antigens A,...
Antibody Structure and Classes
The basic structure of an antibody consists of four protein chains: two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. These chains are held together by disulfide bonds and other non-covalent interactions, forming a Y-shaped structure.
Antibody Structure
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
Antibody Structure
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...

