Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 5, 2026
09:26
DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation
Published on: December 29, 2021
Microwave-accelerated competing domino processes: a tether-controlled dual pathway into high molecular complexity
Zobida Elkhayat1, Imad Safir, Isabel Castellote
1Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
Organic Letters
|April 26, 2008
Summary
Bicyclic unsaturated diols undergo selective domino transformations with lead tetraacetate, controlled by substituents and chain length. Microwave irradiation significantly speeds up these reactions.
Area of Science:
- Organic Chemistry
- Synthetic Chemistry
Background:
- Domino reactions offer efficient synthetic routes.
- Controlling reaction pathways in complex molecules is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the path selectivity of bicyclic unsaturated diols in domino transformations.
- To understand the influence of substituents and linking chains on reaction outcomes.
- To explore the use of microwave irradiation for accelerating these reactions.
Main Methods:
- Reaction of bicyclic unsaturated diols with lead tetraacetate (Pb(OAc)4).
- Systematic variation of angular substituents and linking chain lengths.
- Analysis of reaction products to determine pathway selectivity.
- Application of microwave irradiation to optimize reaction conditions.
Main Results:
- The reaction pathway is selectively biased by the nature of the angular substituent.
- Methylene ether linkage directs to ring-retained domino products.
- Propylene linkage directs to ring-expanded domino products.
- Microwave irradiation substantially reduced reaction times.
Conclusions:
- The outcome of Pb(OAc)4-mediated domino transformations of bicyclic unsaturated diols is predictable and controllable.
- Structural features like linking chains and substituents dictate reaction selectivity.
- Microwave-assisted synthesis offers a significant advantage in reaction efficiency.
Related Concept Videos
00:59Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation
Different physical properties of lipids and proteins allow them to localize and form distinct islands or domains in the membrane. Some membrane domains are formed due to protein-protein interactions, whereas others are formed due to the presence of specific lipids such as sphingolipids and sterols—for example, large proteins, such as bacteriorhodopsin, aggregate and create distinct domains.
Another mechanism for membrane domain formation involves membrane proteins interacting with cytoskeletal...
Another mechanism for membrane domain formation involves membrane proteins interacting with cytoskeletal...
01:28ATP and Macromolecule Synthesis
Biological macromolecules are organic compounds, predominantly composed of carbon atoms. The carbon atoms are covalently bonded with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and other minor elements. There are four major biological macromolecule classes: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Most macromolecules are composed of single subunits, or building blocks, called monomers. The monomers combine with each other using covalent bonds to form larger molecules known as polymers.
Conversion of...
Most macromolecules are composed of single subunits, or building blocks, called monomers. The monomers combine with each other using covalent bonds to form larger molecules known as polymers.
Conversion of...
01:37Energy to Drive Translocation
Mitochondrial protein import is powered by two distinct energy sources: ATP hydrolysis and electrochemical potential across the inner membrane. Newly synthesized precursors are bound by cytosolic chaperones of the Hsp70 family, which guide them to the import receptors on the mitochondrial surface. Utilizing the energy of ATP hydrolysis, Hsp70 chaperones transfer these precursors to the TOM receptors on the mitochondrial outer membrane.
Generally, polypeptides are unfolded by two distinct...
Generally, polypeptides are unfolded by two distinct...
02:37Restarting Stalled Replication Forks
DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...
01:41The Supercomplexes in the Crista Membrane
The mitochondrial cristae membrane is the primary site for the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) process of energy conversion mediated through respiratory complexes I to V. These complexes have been widely studied for decades, and it has been proven that they form supramolecular structures called respiratory supercomplexes (SC). These higher-order complexes may be crucial in maintaining the biochemical structure and improving the physiological activity of the individual complexes while...
01:22Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade
When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, the receptor's intracellular domain changes shape, which may either activate its enzyme function or allow its binding to other molecules. The initial signal is amplified by most signal transduction pathways. This means that a single ligand molecule can activate multiple molecules of a downstream target. Proteins that relay a signal are most commonly phosphorylated at one or more sites, activating or inactivating the protein. Kinases catalyze the...