Pathology of the ocular motor nerves III, IV, and VI

The ocular motor nerves supply motor fibers to the extraocular muscles of the globe and levator muscle of the eyelid and parasympathetic pupillomotor fibers to the ciliary ganglion. Lesions are classified according to the anatomic location at which they occur: nuclear, fascicular, cisternal, cavernous, or orbital apex. The course each nerve follows influences the sites at which it is most vulnerable to damage and the pathologies to which it is exposed. Cranial nerve palsies frequently are associated with neurologic deficits that may assist in localizing the lesion anatomically. This article provides an overview of the pathology of the ocular motor nerves.