Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease I: Meaning and Pathophysiology01:29

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease I: Meaning and Pathophysiology

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) involves the recurrent backflow of the stomach or duodenal contents into the esophagus, leading to troublesome symptoms and potential esophageal mucosal damage. Although GERD is often referred to as a disease, it is more accurately described as a syndrome, as it encompasses a range of symptoms and complications rather than a singular pathological entity, impacting a large number of individuals as the most prevalent upper gastrointestinal problem. Roughly...
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease01:25

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the backward flow of stomach contents (acid, pepsin, or bile) into the esophagus, causing mucosal inflammation known as esophagitis. It results from failure of antireflux mechanisms, mainly the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), influenced by mechanical and physiological factors.Etiology and Risk FactorsGERD develops when LES function is weakened or when intra-abdominal pressure increases. Risk factors include aging, obesity, and sliding hiatal hernia,...
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management01:29

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management

Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a persistent medical condition that affects many individuals worldwide. Its clinical manifestations can vary greatly, making diagnosis and management challenging for healthcare professionals. The following is a comprehensive overview of the clinical manifestations, assessment, and management strategies for GERD.
Clinical Manifestations
GERD presents itself in a multitude of ways, with symptoms varying from person to person. The hallmark symptoms are...
Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction

Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is characterized by mucosal excavation in the esophagus, stomach, pylorus, or duodenum. It can manifest as acute or chronic based on the extent and duration of mucosal involvement.
An acute ulcer, marked by superficial erosion and minimal inflammation, swiftly resolves upon identifying and addressing the underlying cause. In contrast, a chronic ulcer persists, potentially eroding through the muscular wall and forming fibrous tissue.
Peptic ulcers can also be...
Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction01:25

Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) involves breaks in the gastrointestinal tract's mucosal lining, primarily in the stomach and duodenum, with less frequent occurrences in the lower esophagus or near the pylorus.Ulcers can be acute or chronic. Acute ulcers are short-lived with minimal inflammation and heal quickly after the irritant is removed. Chronic ulcers persist, may recur, and often cause scarring due to ongoing tissue damage. Superficial erosions affect only the mucosal layer and are called...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Fragments of e-Cadherin as Biomarkers of Non-erosive Reflux Disease.

Digestive diseases and sciences·2017
Same author

Cleavage of E-Cadherin Contributes to Defective Barrier Function in Neosquamous Epithelium.

Digestive diseases and sciences·2016
Same author

NFkB and Nrf2 in esophageal epithelial barrier function.

Tissue barriers·2014
Same author

How good is the neosquamous epithelium?

Digestive diseases (Basel, Switzerland)·2014
Same author

Large-scale, high-density (up to 512 channels) recording of local circuits in behaving animals.

Journal of neurophysiology·2013
Same author

Nrf2 deficiency impairs the barrier function of mouse oesophageal epithelium.

Gut·2013
Same journal

Management of Common Bile Duct Stones: Current Approaches and Evolving Endoscopic Strategies.

Current gastroenterology reports·2026
Same journal

Solitary Rectal Ulcer Syndrome Revisited: A Comprehensive Narrative Review.

Current gastroenterology reports·2026
Same journal

The Microbiome and Esophageal Disease: Where Are We Now?

Current gastroenterology reports·2026
Same journal

Fermented Durian Tempoyak as a Source of Probiotics for Colorectal Cancer Prevention through Gut Microbiome Modulation.

Current gastroenterology reports·2026
Same journal

A Practical Guide to Incorporating Novel Barrett's Screening/Surveillance Tools into Clinical Practice.

Current gastroenterology reports·2026
Same journal

The Role of Endoscopic Ultrasound in the Diagnosis and Management of Congenital Gastrointestinal and Pancreaticobiliary Conditions.

Current gastroenterology reports·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Surgical Models of Gastroesophageal Reflux with Mice
05:19

Surgical Models of Gastroesophageal Reflux with Mice

Published on: August 25, 2015

Nonerosive reflux disease: a pathophysiologic perspective.

John D Long1, Roy C Orlando

  • 1Section of Gastroenterology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA. jolong@wfubmc.edu

Current Gastroenterology Reports
|July 16, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nonerosive reflux disease (NERD) involves reflux symptoms without visible esophageal damage. NERD is categorized into positive (abnormal acid contact) and negative (hypersensitivity) based on pH monitoring and symptom correlation.

More Related Videos

Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Models to Investigate the Epithelial Barrier in Eosinophilic Esophagitis
03:23

Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Models to Investigate the Epithelial Barrier in Eosinophilic Esophagitis

Published on: May 10, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Surgical Models of Gastroesophageal Reflux with Mice
05:19

Surgical Models of Gastroesophageal Reflux with Mice

Published on: August 25, 2015

Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Models to Investigate the Epithelial Barrier in Eosinophilic Esophagitis
03:23

Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Models to Investigate the Epithelial Barrier in Eosinophilic Esophagitis

Published on: May 10, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Esophageal Physiology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Nonerosive reflux disease (NERD) is the most common presentation of gastroesophageal reflux disease.
  • NERD patients exhibit reflux symptoms without endoscopic evidence of esophageal mucosal injury.
  • Distinguishing NERD phenotypes is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify the diagnostic criteria and underlying pathophysiology of NERD phenotypes.
  • To differentiate NERD-positive, NERD-negative (esophageal hypersensitivity), and functional heartburn.
  • To identify key diagnostic markers for NERD.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 24-hour pH monitoring to assess esophageal acid contact time (ACT).
  • Evaluated symptom correlation with reflux events using symptom index and symptom-association probability.
  • Examined histopathologic features, including dilated intercellular spaces, via microscopy.

Main Results:

  • Approximately 50% of NERD patients demonstrate abnormal esophageal ACT (NERD-positive).
  • NERD-negative patients exhibit normal ACT with symptom hypersensitivity.
  • NERD-positive patients share abnormalities with erosive reflux disease, unlike NERD-negative patients.
  • Dilated intercellular spaces are a key histopathologic indicator of NERD.

Conclusions:

  • NERD encompasses distinct subgroups with differing pathophysiologies.
  • NERD-positive patients have reflux and motor abnormalities, while NERD-negative patients suggest hypersensitivity.
  • Histopathology, particularly dilated intercellular spaces, aids in NERD diagnosis.