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Related Concept Videos

Two-Dimensional (2D) NMR: Overview01:12

Two-Dimensional (2D) NMR: Overview

The 1D NMR spectrum of large and complex molecules like natural products has complicated splitting patterns and overlapping signals, which can be easily interpreted using 2-dimensional (2D) NMR. Unlike 1D NMR, 2D NMR has two frequency axes that provide the coupling information between the nucleus A and nucleus B in a molecule. The process from which 2D spectra are obtained has four steps.
The first step is the preparation period, during which nucleus A is excited with a radiofrequency pulse.
2D NMR: Overview of Homonuclear Correlation Techniques01:16

2D NMR: Overview of Homonuclear Correlation Techniques

Homonuclear correlation spectroscopy (COSY) is a powerful technique used in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to study the correlations between nuclei of the same type within a molecule. It provides information about scalar couplings between adjacent nuclei, which helps determine connectivity and structural information. There are several COSY variants, each with its unique strengths and experimental parameters.
COSY90 is the standard two-dimensional (2D) COSY experiment that...
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are slanted or...
2D NMR: Overview of Heteronuclear Correlation Techniques01:18

2D NMR: Overview of Heteronuclear Correlation Techniques

Heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the coupling between different types of nuclei, often a proton and an X-nucleus, such as carbon-13 or nitrogen-15. This method is commonly used in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to gain insights into complex chemical compounds' structural and compositional aspects. A typical heteronuclear correlation spectrum displays X-nucleus chemical shifts on one axis and a proton spectrum on the other axis.
¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
2D NMR: Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC)01:19

2D NMR: Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC)

Heteronuclear single-quantum correlation spectroscopy (HSQC) is a 2D NMR technique that reveals one-bond correlations between hydrogen and a heteronucleus. The HSQC experiment is similar to the heteronuclear correlation experiment (HETCOR) but is more sensitive. In the HSQC spectrum, the proton chemical shift is plotted on the horizontal F2 axis, while the 13C chemical shift is plotted on the vertical F1 axis. The corresponding proton and 13C spectra are also shown. The HSQC contour plot does...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

In Situ Monitoring of Diffusion of Guest Molecules in Porous Media Using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Imaging
06:34

In Situ Monitoring of Diffusion of Guest Molecules in Porous Media Using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: September 2, 2016

Two-dimensional NMR of diffusion systems.

Yi-Qiao Song1, Lukasz Zielinski, Seungoh Ryu

  • 1Schlumberger-Doll Research, 1 Hampshire Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|July 23, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new theoretical approach for analyzing diffusion in porous media using 2D Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) experiments. The method provides a quantitative description of interpore spin dynamics, improving upon existing models for well-connected pore spaces.

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Using Solution NMR to Characterize Biomolecular Condensates Under Biphasic Conditions
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Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

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Transport Properties of Ibuprofen Encapsulated in Cyclodextrin Nanosponge Hydrogels: A Proton HR-MAS NMR Spectroscopy Study
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Transport Properties of Ibuprofen Encapsulated in Cyclodextrin Nanosponge Hydrogels: A Proton HR-MAS NMR Spectroscopy Study

Published on: August 15, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Diffusion in porous media is crucial for understanding transport phenomena.
  • Existing isolated-pore models are insufficient for well-connected pore spaces.
  • Recent 2D NMR experiments introduced pore-to-pore exchange parameters but captured limited interpore spin dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a theoretical approach for quantitative description of 2D NMR in porous media.
  • To fully account for underlying diffusion modes in interpore spin dynamics.
  • To demonstrate the behavior of 2D NMR using simple pore models.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a theoretical framework for diffusion analysis.
  • Application of the theory to simple models of one pore and two coupled pores.
  • Quantitative description of 2D NMR signals considering diffusion modes.

Main Results:

  • The theoretical approach provides a comprehensive description of 2D NMR.
  • Demonstrated the rich behavior of 2D NMR through simple pore models.
  • Highlighted the limitations of previous models for well-connected porous media.

Conclusions:

  • The developed theoretical approach enables a quantitative understanding of 2D NMR in porous media.
  • This method accurately captures interpore spin dynamics determined by diffusion.
  • The findings advance the application of 2D NMR for characterizing porous materials.