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Nervous Tissue: Myelin

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The myelin sheath is a multilayered lipid and protein covering that insulates the axon of a neuron, enhancing the speed of nerve impulse conduction. Axons without this sheath are referred to as unmyelinated. Two types of neuroglia, Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) are responsible for producing myelin sheaths.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Identifying, Diagnosing, and Grading Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors in Genetically Engineered Mouse Models

Identifying, Diagnosing, and Grading Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors in Genetically Engineered Mouse Models

Published on: May 17, 2024

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors.

Gaurav Gupta¹, Antonios Mammis, Allen Maniker

¹Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, 90 Bergen Street, Suite DOC 8100, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.

Neurosurgery Clinics of North America

|November 18, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are rare sarcomas. While Schwann cells are implicated, the exact cell of origin for MPNSTs remains elusive, potentially involving multiple cell lines.

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Orthotopic Xenografting of Human Luciferase-Tagged Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Cells for in vivo Testing of Candidate Therapeutic Agents

Orthotopic Xenografting of Human Luciferase-Tagged Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Cells for in vivo Testing of Candidate Therapeutic Agents

Published on: March 7, 2011

Area of Science:

Oncology
Pathology
Genetics

Background:

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are rare soft tissue sarcomas.
They originate from ectomesenchymal cells, specifically Schwann cells or neural crest-derived cells.
Arthur Purdy Stout's work highlighted Schwann cells' role in nerve sheath neoplasms.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the epidemiology, diagnosis, management, and treatment of MPNSTs.
To discuss the current understanding and remaining questions regarding the cell of origin for MPNSTs.
To consolidate information on this rare cancer for researchers and clinicians.

Main Methods:

Literature review of existing studies on MPNSTs.
Synthesis of information on tumor pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and therapeutic strategies.
Discussion of diagnostic criteria and management guidelines.

Main Results:

MPNSTs arise from peripheral nerve branches or sheaths.
The precise cell of origin for MPNSTs is still debated, with theories suggesting multiple origins.
Current understanding relies on historical contributions and ongoing research.

Conclusions:

MPNSTs represent a complex group of tumors with an elusive cell of origin.
Comprehensive reviews are crucial for understanding and managing these rare malignancies.
Further research is needed to definitively identify the cell of origin and optimize treatment strategies.