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Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Treatment of Ejaculatory Duct Obstruction by Seminal Vesiculoscopy Assisted Flow Modification

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Published on: December 8, 2023

Female epispadias.

Nadia Shaikh¹, Fehmina Arif

¹Department of Paediatrics, Unit-2, Civil Hospital, Karachi.

JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association

|May 15, 2009

Summary

Female epispadias without exstrophy is a rare condition. Early diagnosis and reconstructive surgery are crucial to prevent long-term psychosocial and psychosexual issues.

Area of Science:

Urology
Pediatric Surgery
Medical Genetics

Background:

Female epispadias without exstrophy is a rare congenital anomaly.
It affects approximately 1 in 480,000 females.

Observation:

Diagnosis can be delayed, often identified after toilet training due to persistent wetting.
Thorough examination at birth is essential for timely detection.

Findings:

Early diagnosis and intervention are critical for managing this condition.
Reconstructive surgery targeting the urethra and bladder neck significantly improves outcomes.

Implications:

Timely surgical repair can prevent significant psychosocial and psychosexual challenges.
Raising awareness among healthcare providers is vital for early identification.

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