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Galea-including forehead flap for lower one-third nasal reconstruction.
Stefano Bruschi1, Simona Denise Marchesi, Filippo Boriani
1Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
Annals of Plastic Surgery
|June 24, 2009
Summary
Forehead flaps including galea offer a viable solution for extensive nasal lining reconstruction, particularly for defects involving the lower third. This technique demonstrates good outcomes for large nasal full-thickness defects.
Area of Science:
- Plastic Surgery
- Reconstructive Surgery
- Otolaryngology
Background:
- Septal mucosal or vestibular local flaps are primary choices for nasal mucosal restoration.
- Large nasal defects, especially those involving the lower third, may require alternative reconstructive options.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe the inclusion of galea in the median forehead flap for nasal lining reconstruction.
- To evaluate the efficacy and complications of this modified forehead flap technique.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of thirteen patients undergoing nasal reconstruction.
- Forehead flap raised with inclusion of the galeal layer for lower one-third nasal defects.
Main Results:
- No complete flap necrosis was observed in the reviewed cases.
- One case resulted in lining loss due to infection.
- Two cases experienced moderate nostril stenosis as a late complication.
Conclusions:
- The forehead flap with galea is a suitable option for reconstructing large nasal full-thickness defects, particularly those affecting the lower one-third.
- This modified technique shows promise in challenging reconstructive scenarios where standard flaps are not feasible.
