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Related Concept Videos

Noble Gases02:54

Noble Gases


The elements in group 18 are noble gases (helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon). They earned the name “noble” because they were assumed to be nonreactive since they have filled valence shells. In 1962, Dr. Neil Bartlett at the University of British Columbia proved this assumption to be false.
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle01:19

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the most widely used plasma source in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), also known as Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The ICP source, or torch, consists of three concentric quartz tubes with argon gas flowing through them. A spark from a Tesla coil initiates the ionization of argon, generating a high-temperature plasma.
The ions and electrons produced interact with the fluctuating magnetic field created by a water-cooled...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Radiation and Light Sources01:13

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Radiation and Light Sources

Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) relies on the Beer-Lambert law, which requires that the radiation source emits a narrow range of wavelengths to match the absorption characteristics of the analyte atom. The primary criteria for choosing an appropriate radiation source in AAS is to provide a precise and intense emission at specific wavelengths that will allow accurate detection of the analyte.
Two common narrow-range 'line' sources used in AAS are hollow-cathode lamps (HCLs) and...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Hyperpolarized Xenon for NMR and MRI Applications
16:20

Hyperpolarized Xenon for NMR and MRI Applications

Published on: September 6, 2012

Lasing XeO in liquid argon.

T R Loree, R R Showalter, T M Johnson

    Optics Letters
    |September 10, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Researchers achieved laser action at 547 nm using xenon and nitrous oxide in liquid argon, pumped by an electron beam. This demonstrates significant optical gain for potential laser applications.

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    Cryogenic Liquid Jets for High Repetition Rate Discovery Science
    08:34

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    Published on: May 9, 2020

    Area of Science:

    • Laser physics
    • Chemical physics
    • Condensed matter physics

    Background:

    • Xenon-based excimers are candidates for efficient lasers.
    • Previous studies explored rare gas halide lasers in cryogenic solutions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate laser oscillation of XeO in liquid argon.
    • To determine the optical gain achieved under electron beam excitation.

    Main Methods:

    • Laser medium preparation: Xenon (Xe) and nitrous oxide (N2O) in liquid argon (LAr) at concentrations of tens of parts per million.
    • Excitation: Pumping with a short-pulse 1-MeV electron beam.
    • Measurement: Characterization of optical gain at 547 nm.

    Main Results:

    • Successful laser oscillation of XeO at 547 nm was achieved.
    • A significant optical gain of at least 23% per centimeter was measured.
    • The experiment utilized a novel cryogenic laser medium.

    Conclusions:

    • XeO is a viable gain medium for lasers operating at 547 nm.
    • Electron beam pumping of cryogenic solutions is an effective method for achieving high optical gain.
    • This work opens possibilities for new tunable laser sources.