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Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...

Allergic Reactions

Allergic Reactions

Antibody Structure

Antibody Structure

Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice

Published on: October 14, 2014

EXPERIMENTS ON ANAPHYLAXIS TO AZOPROTEINS : THIRD PAPER.

K Landsteiner¹, P Levine

¹Laboratories of The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research.

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

|October 30, 2009

Summary

Specificity in anaphylactic reactions was observed using azoproteins with d- and l-tartaric acid isomers. Desensitization, achieved through specific azodye injection, prevented anaphylactic shock in tested animals.

Area of Science:

Immunology
Biochemistry

Background:

Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction.
Stereochemistry plays a role in biological recognition.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the specificity of anaphylactic reactions to stereoisomeric antigens.
To explore desensitization as a method to prevent anaphylactic shock.

Main Methods:

Utilized azoproteins with d- and l-tartaric acid isomeric groups as antigens.
Conducted anaphylactic reaction experiments and precipitin tests.
Administered specific azodye injections for desensitization.

Main Results:

Demonstrated marked specificity in anaphylactic reactions based on stereochemistry.

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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice

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Published on: October 14, 2014

Antigenic Liposomes for Generation of Disease-specific Antibodies

Antigenic Liposomes for Generation of Disease-specific Antibodies

Published on: October 25, 2018

Mouse Body Temperature Measurement Using Infrared Thermometer During Passive Systemic Anaphylaxis and Food Allergy Evaluation

Mouse Body Temperature Measurement Using Infrared Thermometer During Passive Systemic Anaphylaxis and Food Allergy Evaluation

Published on: September 14, 2018

Precipitin tests confirmed the observed specificity.

Successful prevention of anaphylactic shock through desensitization.

Conclusions:

Anaphylactic reactions exhibit stereochemical specificity.
Desensitization using specific antigens is an effective method to prevent anaphylactic shock.