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Updated: Jun 15, 2026

Spectral Confocal Imaging of Fluorescently tagged Nicotinic Receptors in Knock-in Mice with Chronic Nicotine Administration
Published on: February 10, 2012
Cholinergic sensitivity of the developing bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) does not explain vulnerability to chronic
Cord M Brundage1, Carla A Nelson, Barbara E Taylor
1Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA. cord.brundage@alaska.edu
Abstract:
Juvenile bullfrogs previously identified as highly sensitive to acute nicotine, demonstrated normal neuroventilation following 3 wk of chronic nicotine exposure. Acute bath application of 1 microM galantamine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, significantly attenuated both bullfrog normocapnic neuroventilation and response to hypercapnia in a fashion similar to that of acute nicotine. This would suggest that the developmental increase in nicotine sensitivity does not enhance vulnerability to chronic exposure, and that acute nicotine acts via endogenous acetylcholine pathways to depress neuroventilation and hypercapnic drive.
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