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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Microfabrication of Chip-sized Scaffolds for Three-dimensional Cell cultivation
09:37

Microfabrication of Chip-sized Scaffolds for Three-dimensional Cell cultivation

Published on: May 12, 2008

Three-dimensional fabrication at small size scales.

Timothy G Leong1, Aasiyeh M Zarafshar, David H Gracias

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|March 30, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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New 3D fabrication methods are needed for small-scale engineering. Self-folding, a deterministic self-assembly strategy, offers a promising approach for creating precisely patterned 3D structures and smart components.

Area of Science:

  • Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Conventional submillimeter-scale engineering remains largely 2D, despite living in a 3D world.
  • There is a critical need for advanced fabrication and patterning strategies to create truly 3D-engineered structures at small scales.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review 3D fabrication and patterning strategies developed over the past two decades for millimeter to nanoscale applications.
  • To focus on self-folding as a deterministic, biologically inspired self-assembly method for 3D micro/nanofabrication.
  • To compare self-folding with other 3D fabrication paradigms, discussing its pros and cons.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on 3D fabrication and patterning strategies.
  • Detailed examination of self-folding techniques, including their integration with lithography.

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Last Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Microfabrication of Chip-sized Scaffolds for Three-dimensional Cell cultivation
09:37

Microfabrication of Chip-sized Scaffolds for Three-dimensional Cell cultivation

Published on: May 12, 2008

Planar and Three-Dimensional Printing of Conductive Inks
10:49

Planar and Three-Dimensional Printing of Conductive Inks

Published on: December 9, 2011

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08:17

Free-form Light Actuators — Fabrication and Control of Actuation in Microscopic Scale

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  • Comparative analysis of self-folding against alternative 3D engineering approaches.

    • Main Results:

    • Self-folding leverages lithography to enable the precise construction of 3D structures.
    • This biologically inspired self-assembly approach offers a viable route to "smart" components.
    • The review provides a comprehensive overview of the advantages and disadvantages of self-folding.

    Conclusions:

    • Self-folding presents a powerful strategy for advancing 3D micro/nanoscale engineering.
    • This method holds significant potential for creating complex, functional 3D structures.
    • Further development of self-folding techniques is crucial for future engineering applications.