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Comparison of Agreement and Accuracy using Binocular Wavefront Optometer with Autorefractor and Phoropter
Published on: September 16, 2025
[Standardisation of optotypes]
Zdenko Bujger1, Jasenka Picman, Andreja Lukenda
1Klinika za ocne bolesti Medicinskog fakulteta Sveucilista u Zagrebu, KBC Zagreb.
Lijecnicki Vjesnik
|September 23, 2010
Summary
The logMAR chart, developed in 1976, standardized visual acuity testing with its geometric progression of optotype sizes. This internationally recognized system is recommended for adoption in various medical departments.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Optometry
- Visual Science
Context:
- Traditional visual acuity charts exhibit irregular progression in optotype sizes between rows.
- The human eye possesses a spatial resolution of 1 minute of arc (Snellen).
Purpose:
- To introduce the logMAR (Bailey-Lovie) chart as a solution to the limitations of classical visual acuity charts.
- To highlight the development and standardization of the logMAR chart system.
Summary:
- The logMAR chart utilizes a constant ratio (1:1.2589) for optotype sizes, creating a geometric progression.
- This standardized approach ensures consistent and reliable visual acuity measurements.
- The chart's design addresses the irregular size progression found in older chart formats.
Impact:
- The logMAR chart has become the global standard for visual acuity testing.
- Recommended by major international health organizations including the International Council of Ophthalmology, World Health Organisation, and International Organisation for Standardisation.
- Adoption of the logMAR system is advised for school medicine, occupational health, and ophthalmology departments.
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