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Related Concept Videos

Vision01:24

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
Indirect Motor Pathways01:22

Indirect Motor Pathways

The indirect motor or extrapyramidal pathways originate in the brainstem, the lower portion of the brain that connects it to the spinal cord. They consist of several distinct tracts, each with specialized functions. The four main tracts of the indirect motor pathways are the vestibulospinal tract, the reticulospinal tract, the tectospinal tract, and the rubrospinal tract.
The vestibulospinal tract originates in the vestibular nuclei of the brainstem. The vestibular system detects changes in...
Visual System01:26

Visual System

Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.
Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways

Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the posterior columns...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Using Looming Visual Stimuli to Evaluate Mouse Vision
05:07

Using Looming Visual Stimuli to Evaluate Mouse Vision

Published on: June 13, 2019

Motor signals in visual localization.

Eckart Zimmermann1, Markus Lappe

  • 1Psychologisches Institut II, Westf. Wilhelms Universität, Fliednerstrasse, Münster, Germany. eckartzi@gmail.com

Journal of Vision
|October 2, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Altering eye movement control through saccadic adaptation shifted where people perceived objects. This demonstrates how our sense of space is shaped by motor commands, not just visual input.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Oculomotor Research

Background:

  • Visual localization relies on integrating sensory information with motor commands.
  • The oculomotor system plays a crucial role in guiding gaze and spatial perception.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the sensory-motor coupling in visual localization.
  • To determine if modifying eye movement control affects perceived object location.

Main Methods:

  • Saccadic adaptation was used to experimentally alter saccadic eye movement amplitudes.
  • Participants experienced artificial steps of saccade targets during eye movements.
  • The oculomotor system was recalibrated to adjust saccade parameters.

Main Results:

  • Increasing saccade amplitudes led to concurrent shifts in the perceived location of visual objects.
  • The magnitude of perceptual shifts correlated with the size and persistence of saccade errors.
  • A strong agreement was observed between changes in eye movement control and localization perception.

Conclusions:

  • Perceptual space is significantly shaped by motor knowledge and efference copy.
  • Sensory-motor coupling is a fundamental mechanism underlying visual localization.
  • Motor commands actively contribute to constructing our perception of the world.