Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

A Neonatal Heterotopic Rat Heart Transplantation Model for the Study of Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
08:38

A Neonatal Heterotopic Rat Heart Transplantation Model for the Study of Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition

Published on: July 21, 2023

Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: a concise review for cardiologists

Benjamin Y C Cheong1, Raja Muthupillai

  • 1Department of Radiology, Texas Heart Institute at St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. bcheong@sleh.com

Texas Heart Institute Journal
|October 28, 2010
PubMed

Insights

Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) is a serious condition linked to gadolinium-based contrast agents, primarily in patients with kidney disease. Increased awareness has led to a decrease in NSF incidence.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Radiology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) is a debilitating condition.
  • NSF is associated with gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs).
  • Patients with renal impairment are at highest risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review GBCAs approved in the United States.
  • To discuss the pathogenesis of NSF.
  • To outline clinical features and recommendations for GBCA use.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of NSF and GBCAs.
  • Analysis of postulated pathogenic mechanisms.
  • Synthesis of clinical presentation and risk management strategies.

Main Results:

  • GBCA use is a significant risk factor for NSF in renal patients.
  • Physician awareness of the GBCA-NSF link has reduced incidence.
  • Understanding pathogenesis aids in risk mitigation.

Conclusions:

  • NSF is a serious adverse event associated with GBCAs.
  • Careful patient selection and awareness are crucial for prevention.
  • Further research into pathogenesis may improve safety.

Keywords:
Chelating agents/adverse effectsgadolinium/diagnostic use/toxicitymagnetic resonance imaging/methodsnephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy/chemically inducednephrogenic systemic fibrosis

More Related Videos

A Mouse 5/6th Nephrectomy Model That Induces Experimental Uremic Cardiomyopathy07:52

A Mouse 5/6th Nephrectomy Model That Induces Experimental Uremic Cardiomyopathy

Published on: November 7, 2017

Related Concept Videos

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of fluid...
Nephrotic Syndrome III : Nursing Management01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome III : Nursing Management

Nursing management for nephrotic syndrome adapts as the disease progresses, with strategies evolving to address advancing symptoms and complications.Early-Stage Management In the early stages, nursing interventions for nephrotic syndrome resemble those used in managing acute glomerulonephritis, focusing on symptom monitoring, fluid balance, and managing mild to moderate edema.Vital Signs: Regularly monitor blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate, and temperature to promptly identify...
Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management01:26

Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management

IntroductionNephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder marked by excessive protein loss in the urine, leading to various systemic complications. This condition often results from damage to the glomeruli—the kidney's filtering units—causing proteinuria, low blood protein levels, and fluid retention. Understanding the assessment, diagnosis, and management of nephrotic syndrome is essential for effective treatment and prevention of further kidney damage.AssessmentPatient History: Document any history...
Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification01:25

Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification

Cardiomyopathy, or CMP, is a group of diseases affecting the myocardial structure, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death.Cardiomyopathies are classified into primary and secondary categories:Primary Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions involving only the heart muscle that are often idiopathic (of unknown cause) or genetic. They primarily affect the myocardium without the involvement of other systemic...
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...