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Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias01:18

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

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Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
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Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
Dysrhythmias I: Introduction01:15

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Isolated congenital heart block.

F Sedef Tunaoglu1, Ayse Yildirim, Dogus Vurali

  • 1Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Gazi University Medical Faculty, 1060 Ankara, Turkey.

Texas Heart Institute Journal
|October 28, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Congenital heart block can pass from mothers with autoimmune conditions to their babies via antibodies. This case highlights a child with permanent heart block who remained asymptomatic for 8 years.

Keywords:
Arrhythmias, cardiac/etiologySS-A antibodiesSS-B antibodiesatrioventricular node/pathologyautoimmune diseases/complications/congenitalconnective tissue diseases/complicationsheart block/congenital/diagnosis/therapyinfant, newbornlupus erythematosus, neonatallupus erythematosus, systemic/complicationsmaternal-fetal exchangepregnancyprenatal diagnosis/immunology

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Published on: June 15, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cardiology
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Background:

  • Congenital heart block (CHB) is often associated with maternal connective-tissue diseases.
  • Transplacental passage of anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB autoantibodies can cause fetal CHB.
  • Complete CHB affects 1-5% of neonates from mothers with these autoantibodies.

Observation:

  • A 31-year-old asymptomatic woman's baby developed in utero CHB at 30 weeks gestation.
  • The infant had no complications during gestation or post-birth.
  • The child remained asymptomatic with complete heart block for 8 years, showing increased heart rate with exercise.

Findings:

  • This case presents a unique instance of isolated CHB with a prolonged asymptomatic period.
  • The study underscores the permanent nature of CHB despite transient antibody presence.
  • The child's ability to increase heart rate with exercise despite complete heart block is noteworthy.

Implications:

  • Further research is needed to understand the pathogenesis and optimal treatment of isolated CHB.
  • This case may inform management strategies for pregnant women with connective-tissue diseases and autoantibodies.
  • Long-term follow-up is crucial for understanding the clinical course of CHB in affected children.