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Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
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Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

A Pacing-Controlled Procedure for the Assessment of Heart Rate-Dependent Diastolic Functions in Murine Heart Failure Models
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Effect of pacing-induced ventricular dyssynchrony on right ventricular function.

Maria Carmo P Nunes1, Cláudia Drumond G Abreu, Antônio Luiz P Ribeiro

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. mcarmo@waymail.com.br

Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology : PACE
|October 30, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Right ventricular apical pacing did not impact right ventricular systolic function in patients with standard pacing needs, even though it caused electromechanical dyssynchrony. This study evaluated right ventricular function during long-term pacing.

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Last Updated: Jun 7, 2026

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Biventricular Assessment of Cardiac Function and Pressure-Volume Loops by Closed-Chest Catheterization in Mice

Published on: June 15, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Cardiac Electrophysiology
  • Echocardiography

Background:

  • Right ventricular (RV) pacing can lead to left ventricular (LV) dysfunction due to asynchronous activation.
  • The impact of long-term RV pacing on RV function itself is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effects of long-term RV apical pacing on RV systolic function.
  • To assess RV and LV function and ventricular dyssynchrony in patients undergoing RV pacing.

Main Methods:

  • Eighty-five patients with RV pacing and 24 healthy controls were studied.
  • Conventional echocardiography and strain imaging assessed RV function (peak systolic strain and strain rate).
  • Left ventricular function and ventricular dyssynchrony were evaluated using tissue Doppler imaging (TDI).

Main Results:

  • Patients had a high percentage of ventricular pacing (96 ± 4%).
  • RV apical pacing induced interventricular dyssynchrony in 60% of patients and LV dyssynchrony in 60%.
  • No significant differences in RV systolic function (strain, strain rate) were observed between patients and controls.

Conclusions:

  • Right ventricular apical pacing, in patients with standard indications, does not appear to impair RV systolic function.
  • Electromechanical dyssynchrony was induced by RV apical pacing, but RV systolic function remained preserved.