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Related Concept Videos

Oscillations In An LC Circuit01:30

Oscillations In An LC Circuit

An idealized LC circuit of zero resistance can oscillate without any source of emf by shifting the energy stored in the circuit between the electric and magnetic fields. In such an LC circuit, if the capacitor contains a charge q before the switch is closed, then all the energy of the circuit is initially stored in the electric field of the capacitor. This energy is given by
Semiconductors01:22

Semiconductors

There is variation in the electrical conductivity of materials - metals, semiconductors, and insulators that are showcased with the help of the energy band diagrams.
Metals such as copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), or lead (Pb) have low resistivity and feature conduction bands that are either not fully occupied or overlap with the valence band, making a bandgap non-existent. This allows electrons in the highest energy levels of the valence band to easily transition to the conduction band upon gaining...
MOS Capacitor01:25

MOS Capacitor

A Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (MOS) capacitor is a fundamental structure used extensively in semiconductor device technology, particularly in the fabrication of integrated circuits and MOSFETs (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors). The MOS capacitor consists of three layers: a metal gate, a dielectric oxide, and a semiconductor substrate.
The metal gate is typically made from highly conductive materials such as aluminum or polysilicon. Beneath the metal gate lies a thin layer of...
Mass Analyzers: Common Types01:19

Mass Analyzers: Common Types

The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
MOSFET Amplifiers01:17

MOSFET Amplifiers

The MOSFET, when operating in its active region, functions as a voltage-controlled current source. In this region, the gate-to-source voltage controls the drain current. This principle underlies the operation of the transconductance MOSFET amplifier. The output current is directed through a load resistor to convert this amplifier into a voltage amplifier. The output voltage is then obtained by subtracting the voltage drop across the load resistance from the supply voltage. This process results...
Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit01:20

Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit

In integrated circuit technology, a capacitance multiplier is often utilized to produce a larger capacitance value when a small physical capacitance falls short. This is achieved by a circuit that multiplies capacitance values by a factor of up to 1000, such that a 10-pF capacitor can replicate the performance of a 100-nF capacitor.
The circuit illustrated in Figure 1 below incorporates two op-amps, with the first operating as a voltage follower and the second acting as an inverting amplifier.

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Fabrication and Testing of Microfluidic Optomechanical Oscillators
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AN ARRAY OF MONOLITHIC FBAR-CMOS OSCILLATORS FOR MASS-SENSING APPLICATIONS.

M L Johnston, I Kymissis, K L Shepard

    Digest of Technical Papers. International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators, and Microsystems
    |January 15, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    We developed a new monolithic CMOS-FBAR oscillator array for highly sensitive mass sensing. This dense sensor array integrates thin-film bulk acoustic resonators with CMOS circuitry, achieving performance comparable to existing FBAR sensors.

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    Published on: September 20, 2021

    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Sensor Technology

    Background:

    • Thin-film bulk acoustic resonators (FBAR) offer high sensitivity for biological and chemical detection due to their high operating frequencies.
    • Existing FBAR sensors often face spatial limitations when integrated into dense sensor arrays.
    • Monolithic integration with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) circuitry presents a solution to overcome these limitations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present a monolithic, solidly-mounted CMOS-FBAR oscillator array for mass sensing applications.
    • To demonstrate the feasibility of integrating FBAR sensors with CMOS drive circuitry on a single substrate.
    • To overcome spatial limitations and enable dense sensor array fabrication without specialized techniques.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of a 6 × 4 array of solidly-mounted CMOS-FBAR resonators.
    • Integration of FBAR resonators with 0.18 micrometer CMOS active substrate circuitry.
    • Characterization of the FBAR oscillator array for mass sensing performance.

    Main Results:

    • Successful monolithic integration of a 6 × 4 CMOS-FBAR oscillator array.
    • Demonstration of mass sensitivity comparable to off-chip FBAR sensors.
    • Overcoming spatial limitations inherent in externally-coupled resonator systems.

    Conclusions:

    • Monolithic integration of CMOS-FBAR oscillators is a viable approach for dense mass sensing arrays.
    • This technology enables highly sensitive, spatially efficient sensor platforms.
    • The developed array shows promise for advanced biological and chemical detection applications.